Flora and Funga records |
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Corresponding author: Gabriele Galasso ( gabriele.galasso@comune.milano.it ) Academic editor: Stefania Biondi
© 2026 Gabriele Galasso, Gianniantonio Domina, Michele Adorni, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Giuseppe Bertotto, Gianmaria Bonari, Emanuel Bonivento, Giacomo Calvia, Laura Cancellieri, Silvia Cannucci, Alba Cuena-Lombraña, Francesco D’Aleo, Maria C. de Francesco, Emanuele Del Guacchio, Dario Di Lernia, Romeo Di Pietro, Tiberio Fiaschi, Mauro Fois, Daniel Fontana, Paola Fortini, Giacomo Grasseschi, Valentina L.A. Laface, Andrea Lallai, Michele Lonati, Carmelo M. Musarella, Ginevra Nota, Marcello Piccitto, Lorenzo Pinzani, Lina Podda, Marc Riera, Leonardo Rosati, Giovanni Salerno, Clizia Sarni, Alberto Selvaggi, Francesca Valentini, Marco Varricchione, Lorenzo Lastrucci.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Galasso G, Domina G, Adorni M, Bacchetta G, Bartolucci F, Bertotto G, Bonari G, Bonivento E, Calvia G, Cancellieri L, Cannucci S, Cuena-Lombraña A, D’Aleo F, de Francesco MC, Del Guacchio E, Di Lernia D, Di Pietro R, Fiaschi T, Fois M, Fontana D, Fortini P, Grasseschi G, Laface VLA, Lallai A, Lonati M, Musarella CM, Nota G, Piccitto M, Pinzani L, Podda L, Riera M, Rosati L, Salerno G, Sarni C, Selvaggi A, Valentini F, Varricchione M, Lastrucci L (2026) Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 21. Italian Botanist 21: 215-231. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.21.199273
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In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, and status changes from casual to naturalized or invasive for Italy or for Italian administrative regions for taxa in the genera Asparagus, Bidens, Boerhavia, Campsis, Catharanthus, Cenchrus, Cortaderia, Cupressus, Cyperus, Elaeagnus, Eragrostis, Hydrocotyle, Lantana, Lonicera, Othocallis, Pinus, Quercus, Salpichroa, Sparaxis, Stenotaphrum, Taxodium, and Wisteria. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrections are provided as supplementary material.
Alien species, floristic data, Italy, nomenclature
The text for the new records, status changes from casual to naturalized or invasive, exclusions, and confirmations should be submitted electronically to Lorenzo Lastrucci (lorenzo.lastrucci@unifi.it). The corresponding specimen along with its scan or photograph has to be sent to FI Herbarium: Museo di Storia Naturale (Botanica), Sistema Museale di Ateneo, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze (Italy). Those texts concerning nomenclatural novelties and typifications (only for accepted names) should be submitted electronically to Gabriele Galasso (gabriele.galasso@comune.milano.it). Each text should be within 1,000 characters (spaces included).
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop (Asparagaceae)
+ (NAT) SAR: Pula (Cagliari), Santa Margherita, Cala Verde (WGS84: 38.939205°N, 8.935381°E), macchia mediterranea e sottobosco di pinete artificiali, 10 m, 31 October 2025, G. Calvia, G. Bacchetta (FI). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Sardegna.
In Sardegna, this species was recorded as casual alien by
G. Calvia, G. Bacchetta
Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae)
+ (INV) SAR: Decimomannu (Cagliari), loc. Bagantinus (WGS84: 39.300743°N, 8.970782°E), infestante le colture nei vasi, 5 m, 14 October 2020, L. Podda, M. Fois (CAG); Masainas (Sulcis Iglesiente), Is Solians (WGS84: 39.024285°N, 8.578381°E), incolti presso i parcheggi, 2 m, 11 October 2025, G. Calvia, S. Macis (Herb. G. Calvia); Quartu Sant’Elena (Cagliari), Poetto (WGS84: 39.223971°N, 9.197821°E), infestante prati e aiuole del lungomare, 1 m, 1 December 2025, L. Podda, C. Sarni, G. Calvia (CAG); Loiri Porto San Paolo (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna), invasiva tra Via Monte Ferru e la fine di Via Donatello (WGS84: 40.872070°N, 8.620839°E), prati, macchie, cigli stradali, zone umide, 40–50 m, 16 December 2025, G. Calvia, G. Bertotto (Herb. G. Calvia); Pula (Cagliari), Eden Rock Village, Vico del Mirto (WGS84: 38.932979°N, 8.907675°E), invasiva lungo la strada e in zone umide, 87–92 m, 14 January 2026, L. Podda, C. Sarni (FI). – Status change from casual to invasive alien for the flora of Sardegna.
Ten years after its first report in Golfo Aranci (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna) (
L. Podda, C. Sarni
Boerhavia coccinea Mill. (Nyctaginaceae)
+ (INV) SAR: Tertenia (Ogliastra), loc. Foxi Manna (WGS84: 39.693222°N, 9.655694°E), in ex pioppeto con piano livellato in terra battuta per il parcheggio di autovetture, 2 m, 6 July 2025, M. Piccitto (FI). – Invasive alien species new for the flora of Sardegna.
At the site where it was discovered, individuals multiplied rapidly in just a few years. The population is expanding into neighboring areas.
M. Piccitto
Campsis radicans (L.) Bureau (Bignoniaceae)
+ (NAT) CAL: Reggio Calabria (Reggio Calabria), incrocio con Via Cardinale Gennaro Portanova (WGS84: 38.115356°N, 15.663718°E), bordo strada e su marciapiede dissestato, 90 m, 29 August 2025, C.M. Musarella (FI, REGGIO); Crotone (Crotone), strada SS106 (WGS84: 39.081245°N, 17.104590°E), bordo strada, 9 m, 1 September 2025, C.M. Musarella (REGGIO); Reggio Calabria (Reggio Calabria), Pellaro (38.026183°N, 15.656667°E), bordo di strade adiacenti a strada ad alta intensità e suburbane, 20 m, 1 September 2025, F. D’Aleo (REGGIO). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Calabria.
Campsis radicans was first reported as a casual alien in Calabria by
F. D’Aleo, C.M. Musarella
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don (Apocynaceae)
+ (NAT) CAL: Reggio Calabria (Reggio Calabria), Pellaro, Via Fiumarella (WGS84: 38.019819°N, 15.644190°E), bordo strada, 14 m, 30 August 2023, C.M. Musarella (REGGIO); Reggio Calabria (Reggio Calabria), Via Vito Inferiore (WGS84: 38.124590°N, 15.666327°E), bordo strada, 61 m, 6 September 2024, C.M. Musarella (REGGIO); Bagnara Calabra (Reggio Calabria), Via F. Turati (WGS84: 38.283224°N, 15.798687°E), bordo strada, 8 m, 9 September 2024, C.M. Musarella (FI, REGGIO); Melito Porto Salvo (Reggio Calabria), fraz. Annà, incrocio tra Via De Castadio e Via Nazionale (WGS84: 37.928055°N, 15.752120°E), bordo strada, 27 m, 12 October 2024, C.M. Musarella (REGGIO). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Calabria.
In Calabria, Catharanthus roseus was first recorded by
V.L.A. Laface, C. M. Musarella
Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone (Poaceae)
+ (NAT) LIG: Vallecrosia al Mare (Imperia), sponda destra del Torrente Verbone, a monte del ponte della via Romana (WGS84: 43.78979568°N, 7.64292968°E), greto fluviale, 10 m, 9 December 2025, A. Selvaggi (FI, Hb. A. Selvaggi). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Liguria.
Cenchrus setaceus is included in the list of invasive alien species (IAS) of Union concern (Regulation [EU] No. 1143/2014), implemented in Italy by D.Lgs. No. 230/2017, which requires its eradication, where feasible, or its control throughout the entire territory of the European Union. At the site, this species occurs as a few tussocks along the margins of the riverbed on disturbed soils.
A. Selvaggi
Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. (Poaceae)
+ (NAT) EMR: Lesignano de’ Bagni (Parma), Torrente Parma a valle di Bassa di Lesignano (WGS84: 44.655487°N, 10.292896°E), greto fluviale con giovani esemplari di Populus nigra subsp. nigra, 193 m, 3 October 2020, M. Adorni (FI). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Emilia-Romagna.
In Emilia-Romagna, this species was previously reported as a casual alien (
M. Adorni
Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae)
+ (NAT) MOL: Campobasso (Campobasso), Collina Monforte, lungo Via Matris all’interno del sito Natura 2000 ZSC IT7222125 “Rocca Monforte” (WGS84: 41.563564°N, 14.653942°E), bosco, 755 m, SW, 14 October 2022, leg. M.C. de Francesco, det. M. Varricchione (FI, IS No. IS_06316). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Molise.
Cupressus sempervirens was found in an area characterized by Mediterranean basic cliffs and pioneer stages of natural and semi-natural woody forests (
M.C. de Francesco, M. Varricchione
Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis Kük. (Cyperaceae)
+ (NAT) LIG: Ventimiglia (Imperia), fraz. Latte, presso la Baia dei Pescatori, canale che costeggia il sentiero che da Corso Europa discende alla baia (WGS84: 43.785210°N, 7.557975°E), sponda di canale, 17 m, 29 August 2025, M. Lonati, G. Nota (FI). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Liguria.
Five small separate clusters of Cyperus alternifolius subsp. flabelliformis were observed along a canal stretch of approximately 200 m long (roughly from 43.784949°N, 7.558275°E to 43.785470°N, 7.557940°E). These plants were probably introduced accidentally through garden waste and prunings, as a small embankment used as a disposal site for plant residues is present upstream of the described site.
M. Lonati, G. Nota
Cyperus eragrostis Lam. (Cyperaceae)
+ (NAT) LAZ: Bracciano (Roma), Lago di Bracciano, sponda presso San Celso (WGS84: 42.097650°N, 12.195419°E), sponda lacustre, localmente abbondante, 160 m, 15 September 2025, leg. L. Pinzani, D. Di Lernia, S. Ceschin, det. L. Pinzani (FI, UTR). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Lazio.
In Lazio, the species was mainly recorded in the province of Latina and in some stations of the province of Rome, including Settebagni and the area of Rome city (
L. Pinzani, D. Di Lernia
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Elaeagnaceae)
+ (NAT) TOS: Bucine (Arezzo), loc. Casina del Priore (WGS84: 43.379111°N, 11.567417°E), siepe, 2 August 2022, leg. T. Fiaschi, S. Cannucci, R. Fedeli, det. T. Fiaschi, S. Cannucci (FI). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Toscana.
This species was found along the edge of the dirt road, with numerous individuals ranging from fruiting adults to seedlings.
T. Fiaschi, S. Cannucci
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (Poaceae)
+ (NAT) UMB: Narni (Terni), Via Ortana (strada SR204) (WGS84: 42.494242°N, 12.469019°E), on the side of the road in an industrial area, 80 m, 25 October 2025, leg. L. Cancellieri, det. L. Cancellieri, D. Cos (FI). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Umbria.
Multiple generations of individuals thrive along the roadside of an industrial zone. The plants reproduce autonomously, with seeds gradually colonising both sides of the thoroughfare. Dispersal is facilitated by passing vehicular traffic.
L. Cancellieri
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (Araliaceae)
+ (NAT) CAM: Napoli (Napoli), cortile settentrionale di Palazzo Reale (WGS84: 40.836972°N, 14.250897°E), interstizi dei basoli di basalto, 29 m, 20 January 2026, E. Del Guacchio, R. Vallariello (FI, NAP barcode NAP0007833); ibidem, cortile di Palazzo Reale presso le Scuderie borboniche (WGS84: 40.836844°N, 14.250616°E), interstizi dei basoli di basalto, 24 m, 20 January 2026, E. Del Guacchio, R. Vallariello (NAP barcode NAP0007832). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Campania.
This species is widespread where protected from trampling; it occurs in seasonally damp and sandy interstices and, to a lesser extent, also on the mossy tuffaceous stones bordering the flowerbeds. It was first observed on 14 September 2025 (images of the population are available at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/330769516). Also this species was probably introduced into the region as a contaminant from nurseries (
M. Riera, E. Del Guacchio
Lantana camara L. subsp. aculeata (L.) R.W.Sanders (Verbenaceae)
+ (NAT) SAR: Maracalagonis (Cagliari), loc. Geremeas, vegetazione tra Rio Geremeas e villaggio turistico (WGS84: 39.167188°N, 9.385172°E), tra la macchia e l’eucalipteto, 5 m, 2 October 2025, G. Calvia, A. Lallai, L. Podda (Herb. G. Calvia); Budoni (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna), Ludduì (WGS84: 40.735300°N, 9.690510°E), macchia mediterranea, incolti, cigli stradali, 120–180 m, 10 November 2025, G. Calvia, G. Bertotto (Herb. G. Calvia); Loiri Porto San Paolo (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna), presso Belvedere (WGS84: 40.872231°N, 9.616278°E), macchia mediterranea, 60–80 m, 16 December 2025, G. Calvia, G. Bertotto (FI, Herb. G. Calvia); Golfo Aranci (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna), Terrata (WGS84: 40.977271°N, 9.578502°E), macchia mediterranea, incolti, 25–30 m, 17 January 2026, G. Calvia, G. Bertotto (Herb. G. Calvia). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Sardegna.
In Sardegna this subspecies was recorded as a casual alien by
G. Bertotto, G. Calvia
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae)
+ (INV) MOL: Campobasso (Campobasso), a N di Campobasso (WGS84: 41.565394°N, 14.667440°E), lungo la strada in un ambiente disturbato, 683 m, N, 29 July 2025, leg. M. Varricchione, det. M.C. de Francesco (FI). – Invasive alien species new for the flora of Molise.
Several individuals were observed climbing on the fence and the sidewalk, with other ruderal or alien species.
M.C. de Francesco, M. Varricchione
Othocallis amoena (L.) Trávn. (Asparagaceae)
+ (NAT) ITA (TAA): Levico Terme (Trento), area protetta Inghiaie, al margine della strada sterrata (WGS84: 45.999008°N, 11.314477°E), sottobosco umido, 440 m, NNW, 13 April 2025, F. Valentini (FI, SIENA). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige).
Othocallis amoena was reported as a casual alien in Trentino-Alto Adige by
F. Valentini, G. Bonari
Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks. (Pinaceae)
+ (NAT) ITA (PIE): Sostegno (Biella), sentiero che da Sostegno conduce all’Oratorio di Sant’Emiliano (WGS84: 45.6568°N, 8.2741°E), bosco misto di latifoglie e conifere, 460 m, 31 August 2025, E. Bonivento (FI). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Italy (Piemonte).
In Piemonte Pinus wallichiana was recorded as a casual alien by
E. Bonivento
Quercus rubra L. (Fagaceae)
+ (NAT) MOL: Capracotta (Isernia), lungo la strada SP84 (WGS84: 41.842159°N, 14.265762°E), radura, 1240 m, 9 August 2025, R. Di Pietro, P. Fortini (FI, IS). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Molise.
We found a mature and fruiting tree of Quercus rubra with a circumference of 1 m and a height of 12 m, together with various young individuals approximately 4–5 m tall with a circumference of 15 cm. They were found in a state-owned area characterized by an open Quercus cerris L. and Fagus sylvatica L. wood with Acer campestre L., Pyrus communis L. subsp. pyraster (L.) Ehrh., Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., and Euonymus europaeus L in the scrub layer.
R. Di Pietro, P. Fortini
Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. (Solanaceae)
+ (NAT) BAS: Rionero in Vulture (Potenza), fraz. Monticchio Bagni (WGS84: 40.951068°N, 15.569720°E), bordo strada, 477 m, 15 June 2025, G. Salerno, L. Rosati (FI). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Basilicata.
Within the small village of Monticchio Bagni, we observed along the roads several, dense, monophytic populations of this south American species, probably deriving from individuals cultivated, not far away, for ornamental purposes.
G. Salerno, L. Rosati
Sparaxis bulbifera (L.) Ker Gawl. (Iridaceae)
+ (NAT) SAR: Ussaramanna (Medio Campidano), nella zona artigianale e nelle aiuole della strada SP46 (WGS84: 39.696318°N, 8.909660°E), zona artigianale e aiuole stradali, 150 m, 8 April 2024, M. Fois, A. Cuena (FI, CAG); Olbia (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna), Sole Ruiu (WGS84: 40.976425°N, 9.418167°E), prati presso la strada, 95 m, 31 March 2025, leg. G. Bertotto, det. G. Calvia (Herb. G. Calvia); Orosei (Nuoro), Cala Liberotto (WGS84: 40.433994°N, 9.777708°E), radure di pinete artificiali, cigli stradali, 7–20 m, 14 March 2026, G. Calvia, S. Macis (Herb. G. Calvia); La Maddalena (Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna), Bassa Trinità (WGS84: 41.246078°N, 9.405912°E), cigli stradali, 6 m, 22 March 2026, G. Calvia (Herb. G. Calvia). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Sardegna.
This species was probably planted along the flowerbeds in the centre of Ussaramanna (road SP46), but it was also found growing wild along roadsides on the outskirts of the same town, Olbia, and other localities.
M. Fois, A. Cuena-Lombraña
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze (Poaceae)
+ (NAT) SAR: Portoscuso (Sulcis Iglesiente), Viale Nettuno (WGS84: 39.211555°N, 8.374445°E), cigli stradali, 21 m, 2 September 2025, G. Calvia (Herb. G. Calvia); Maracalagonis (Cagliari), Geremeas, Cala Serena (WGS84: 39.167536°N, 9.385266°E), prati e sottobosco di eucalipteti, 9 m, 2 October 2025, G. Calvia, A. Lallai, L. Podda (FI); Villasimius (Cagliari), Is Traias (WGS84: 39.167536°N, 9.385266°E), prati e margini dei sentieri nel retroduna, 1–2 m, 2 November 2025, G. Calvia, S. Macis (Herb. G. Calvia); Muravera (Cagliari), Costa Rei (WGS84: 39.263008°N, 9.579168°E), margini dello stagno retrodunale, 2–3 m, 24 January 2026, A. Lallai, L. Podda (CAG). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Sardegna.
This species was first recorded in Sardegna by
G. Calvia, A. Lallai
Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. (Cupressaceae)
+ (NAT) TOS: Viareggio (Lucca), Parco Naturale Regionale Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli, Macchia Lucchese e Tenuta Borbone (WGS84: 43.841725°N, 10.255319°E), lama retrodunale periodicamente inondata, 3 m, 11 July 2025, D. Fontana, G. Grasseschi (FI); Vecchiano (Pisa), Parco Naturale Regionale Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli, Tenuta Migliarino, Riserva Naturale del Fiumaccio (WGS84: 43.7713°N, 10.3079°E), habitat periodicamente inondati, 4 m, 16 July 2025, G. Antonelli, M. D’Antraccoli (FI). – Naturalized alien species new for the flora of Toscana.
Both populations exhibit a heterogeneous age structure, including juvenile and reproductive individuals. The Viareggio population is restricted to a few dozen specimens, whereas the Vecchiano population is larger and forms coenoses in seasonally flooded habitats, where this species becomes locally dominant.
D. Fontana, G. Grasseschi
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. (Fabaceae)
+ (NAT) CAL: Reggio Calabria (Reggio Calabria), Via Cardinale Gennaro Portanova (WGS84: 38.115346°N, 15.664313°E), bordo strada e su marciapiede dissestato, 92 m, 29 August 2025, C.M. Musarella (FI, REGGIO); ibidem, loc. Vallone Perara (WGS84: 38.044492°N, 15.658200°E), bordo strada adiacente ad aree agricole e suburbane, 20 m, 1 September 2025, F. D’Aleo (REGGIO). – Status change from casual to naturalized alien for the flora of Calabria.
Wisteria sinensis was first reported as a casual alien to Calabria by
F. D’Aleo, C.M. Musarella
Nomenclatural, status, and distribution updates according to
G. Galasso, F. Bartolucci
We gratefully acknowledge Sebastiano Andreatta, Enrico Banfi, Daniela Bouvet, Maurizio Bovio, Rizzieri Masin, Lorenzo Peruzzi, and Filippo Prosser who provided useful informations.
Supplementary data
Data type: pdf
Explanation note: 1. Nomenclatural updates; 2. Note updates; 3. Distribution updates; 4. Synonyms, misapplied or included names.