Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 9

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Encalypta , Grimmia , and Riccia , for the fungal genera Hericium , Inocybe , Inocutis , Pluteus , and Russula , and for the lichen genera Bryoria , Farnoldia , Hypocenomyce , Lecania , Paracollema, Peltigera , Sarcogyne , and Teloschistes .


How to contribute
The text of the records should be submitted electronically to: Cecilia Totti (c.totti@ univpm.it) for algae, Marta Puglisi (mpuglisi@unict.it) for bryophytes, Alfredo Vizzini (alfredo.vizzini@unito.it) for fungi, Sonia Ravera (sonia.ravera@unipa.it) for lichens. Encalypta ciliata is a Circumpolar Boreal-montane floristic element (Dierßen 2001), recorded for several countries of the Mediterranean basin (Ros et al. 2013), but its range is subcosmopolitan (Smith 2004). According to Aleffi et al. (2008), this species is known in Italy for many Administrative Regions, including Veneto, where the records have not been confirmed over the last 50 years. According to Hodgetts (2015), E. ciliata is considered Endangered (EN)  Grimmia elongata is a Circumpolar Arctic-montane species with main distribution in the mountain areas of Europe, while it is very rare in southern Europe and in the Mediterranean countries (Ros et al. 2013;Hodgetts 2015). It is also known for North America, North Africa, and Asia (Muñoz and Pando 2000;Greven 2003;Ignatova and Muñoz 2004;Manju and Rajesh 2011). Grimmia elongata is a cryophytic, acidophytic species preferably growing on acidic sandstones, rocks and rocky crevices, north-facing outcrops and ledges. It is closely related to Grimma donniana Sm., from which it is distinguished for the reddish-brown colour of the cushions, muticous or short-awned leaves with only one margin recurved and dioecious sexuality. According to Aleffi et al. (2008) Riccia beyrichiana grows on acidic soils and rocks in Mediterranean forests, on cliff tops, in wetlands and grasslands in exposed sites sometimes subjected to seasonal flooding. It is distinguished from the other species of Riccia for its large, channelled, long-persistent, shiny thallus with swollen margins. In Italy, it is reported for Piemonte, Lombardia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Umbria, Puglia, and Sardegna (Aleffi et al. 2008) and recently for Campania (Puglisi et al. 2015a(Puglisi et al. , 2015b. Its global range includes Europe, SE Asia, N Africa, and N America (Ozenoglu Kiremit et al. 2016).
G. Pandeli, I. Bonini, M. Aleffi Hericium erinaceus is considered as rare in Italy and is reported in the Red List as Endangered (Rossi et al. 2013), while it is widespread in America and Asia (Ginns 1985). Two specimens were found on the wounds of different stems of a living tree of Quercus ilex L. in a holm oaks forest in a historic royal park. This saprotrophic fungus produces white rot on living trees (Boddy et al. 2011). In Italy, it is known for Calabria (Siniscalco et al. 2018), Toscana (Corana et al. 2019), Sardegna, Emilia-Romagna, and Piemonte (Bernicchia and Padovan 1997). Other congener species found in Italy are H. coralloides (Scop.) Pers., H. alpestre Pers., and H. cirrhatum (Pers.) Nikol. (Saitta et al. 2011 (Bandini et al. 2019). Inocybe pelargonium is recognized by having strikingly distinctive characters: coppery-brownish, coppery-ochraceous to orange colours on pileus, typical smell like Pelargonium leaves or sweet fruits, when cut subspermatic, small spores (5.8-10.0 × 3.9-5.7 μm), and relatively short cystidia (28-65 μm) variable in shape, from sub-utriform, sub-fusiform to sub-clavate, generally crystalliferous at apex (Bandini et al. 2019). Inocutis levis is a lignicolous fungus, showing sessile and pileate basidiomata, and a distinct granular core at the point of attachment to the plant tissues (Dai 2010). The maximum size we detected were 60 cm in width, 40 cm in projection, 4 and 10 cm in context and hymenial thickness, respectively. Spores are ellipsoid, yellowish and thick-walled, very similar to those produced by Inocutis tamaricis (Pat.) Fiasson & Niemelä, but differing from these because they remain cyanophilous even at maturity (Dai 2010;Sicoli and Mannarino 2017). The molecular comparison (nITS rDNA sequence) of our specimen with those available in GenBank (Boudagga et al. 2017;Hashemi et al. 2017) confirmed the identification. As far as we know, and despite a number of records for Asia and Africa (Karsten 1887;Salem and Michail 1980;Dai 2010;Ţura et al. 2010;Boudagga et al. 2017;Hashemi et al. 2017), no indication of this species for Europe has been reported, so far.
G. Sicoli Pluteus semibulbosus is an agaricoid, lignicolous, saprotrophic fungus, showing pileate and stipitate basidiomata. The pileus, less than 3.0 cm in diameter, shows a whitish-cream to pale-skin translucent cuticle, darker in the centre, striate towards the margin. The stipe is central, white, cylindrical and more or less bulbous at the base, thus differing from the close Pluteus plautus (Weinm.) Gillet, which lacks the bulb. Caulocystidia are characteristically cylindrical to broadly clavate to broadly fusiform, whereas they are broadly clavate to pyriform or even ventricose in P. plautus. Moreover, pleurocystidia are broadly lageniform in contrast with the conical-fusiform, narrowly utriform to cylindrical pleurocystidia occurring in another close species, Pluteus inquilinus Romagn. The original description of Russula nympharum (Adamčík et al. 2016) was based on four collections originating from France, Spain, and Belgium. This species is distinguished from its look-alike Russula maculata Quél. by lower spore ornamentation not exceeding 0.6 μm, more abundant pleurocystidia, mostly cylindrical terminal cells in pileipellis and broader, clavate pileocystidia near the pileus margin, on average wider than 7 μm. Our collections represent the first reports of R. nympharum from Italy. According to morphological and molecular (nITS rDNA) analysis of recently collected herbarium specimens, we identified five collections of R. nympharum originating from Bryoria furcellata is a hair lichen usually 3-5(-12) cm long, showing regularly isotomic dichotomous branching, axils usually broad towards base and acute towards tips. It seems to be a well-delimited species characterized by lateral spinules, abundant, fissural soralia which develop tufts of spinules and by the presence of fumarprotocetraric acid (Gilbert and Hawksworth 2009). It has been reported in Italy so far only from Veneto (Nimis et al. 1991) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (Nimis 2016). It is a mainly borealmontane, circumpolar lichen of the Northern Hemisphere, extending south to Mexico and Central America, apparently rare in the Alps (Nimis et al. 2018).
J. Malíček, S. Ravera Farnoldia micropsis is a crustose lichen with a white areolate thallus and black apothecia (up to 2 mm wide) adnate or between the areolae, characterized by I+ blue medulla. It is a circumpolar arctic-alpine species, widespread and common throughout the Alps (Nimis et al. 2018) on calcium-bearing rocks. Nevertheless, the only record from Veneto of F. micropsis dates back to the second half of the 19 th century (Arnold 1876, Hertel 1967 D. Puntillo (CLU No. 17157, 17454, 17466, 17479, 17817, 17818, 17877, 17911). -Species new for the flora of Campania.
Hypocenomyce stoechadiana is a squamulose species with a Mediterranean-Macaronesic distribution, found on ancient specimens of Olea L., Quercus ilex L., and Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. in warm-humid areas. It has often sterile while at the collection site a large number of thalli is provided with fruiting bodies. According to Nimis and Martellos (2017), this species shows an exclusively Tyrrhenian distribution in Italy, although in Calabria three populations have been found on the Ionian coast (CLU No. 5672, 5724, 17557). This lichen is classified in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as "Vulnerable" (Nascimbene et al. 2013  It is an epiphytic cyanolichen, which prefers trunks of Olea, Ulmus, Quercus ilex L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. in mesophytic woodland and exposed situations, not subjected to direct sunlight. It usually constitutes communities with Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. and several cyanolichens within it dominate (Degelius 1954). In Italy, it is rarely found in the Mediterranean belt. This species is presently known only for a few localities in Lazio (Ravera 2001) and in Puglia (Von Brackel 2011), while it has not been reconfirmed in its locus classicus in Genova (Ravera and Giordani 2008). Paracollema italicum is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as "Endangered" (Nascimbene et al. 2013).
S. Ravera Peltigera extenuata is a foliose species characterized by a thallus with (mostly) rounded lobes and flocculent and pale rhizines becoming darker in the central part.
The peculiar characteristic of this species is the presence of strictly laminal soredia (Goward et al. 1995). It is a terricolous species ,ecologically and morphologically similar to Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon, but it differs in having a KC+ red reaction of the medulla and soralia (Nimis 2016). In the past, it was often referred to Peltigera didactyla var. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Goffinet & Hastings, but according to Goffinet et al. (2003) this taxon is currently recognised as a species, which has been recently reported for Italy (Matteucci andVanacore Falco 2015, Ravera et al. 2019).
C Sarcogyne praetermissa is a recently-described species which was previously treated as a calcicolous morph of Sarcogyne hypophaea (Nyl.) Arnold (syn.: Sarcogyne privigna auct., see Nimis 2016), from which it differs in the unsegmented apothecial margins, the stouter paraphyses, and the growth on calcareous substrata (Knudsen and Kocourková 2018, see also Roux et al. 2019). This species, hitherto reported from central and northern Europe, and from Montenegro, seems to be particularly frequent on limestone outcrops along the Adriatic side of the Italian Peninsula, from the submediterranean to the upper montane belt, but is likely to be more widespread, and should be looked for elsewhere. Teloschistes chrysophthalmus is a fruticose lichen; it is quite showy due to lobes being orange-yellow to grey, mostly covered with numerous marginal fibrils which are also present around the pedicellate apothecia. This lichen is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as "Near-threatened" (Nascimbene et al. 2013). It was much more common in the past and presently it is extinct in many Regions, especially in northern Italy (Nimis 2016). The last record in Puglia dates back to the late 19 th century (Jatta 1889). We found some specimens in three localities on different substrates. These lichens grow on twigs of shrubs, on the terminal part, well exposed to the sun, and never found in undergrowth, in association with Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr., Physcia adscendens H.Olivier and Parmotrema hypoleucinum (J.Steiner) Hale. The density of T. chrysophthalmus seems to be extremely limited and its distribution is irregular, probably due to human interference (tree pruning, fires, use of herbicides and fertilizers).