54urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:719A4407-6918-50E6-BCDF-A4165D76DC1EItalian BotanistIB2531-4033Pensoft Publishers10.3897/italianbotanist.4.2178221782Research ArticleAngiospermaeCore EudicotsKaryosystematicsEuropeChromosome numbers for the Italian flora: 4PeruzziLorenzo1lorenzo.peruzzi@unipi.ithttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-273XChiavegattoRaquel Bezerra2D’AntraccoliMarco1DolciDavid1Roma-MarzioFrancesco1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-0311Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, ItalyUniversità di PisaPisaItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Lavras, Via Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001, 37200-000 Minas Gerais State, BrazilUniversity of LavrasLavrasBrazil
Corresponding author: Lorenzo Peruzzi (lorenzo.peruzzi@unipi.it)
Academic editor: G. Domina
20170711201745359FFD11B2A-FFDB-FFBF-5315-D770F7594F7E34850202010201726102017Lorenzo Peruzzi, Raquel Chiavegatto, Marco D'Antraccoli, David Dolci, Francesco Roma-MarzioThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
In this contribution new chromosome data obtained on material collected in Italy are presented. It includes 9 chromosome counts for Polygala (Polygalaceae), Dianthus and Silene (Caryophyllaceae).
CytogeographycytotaxonomykaryotypeCitation
Peruzzi L, Chiavegatto RB, D’Antraccoli M, Dolci D, Roma-Marzio F (2017) Chromosome numbers for the Italian flora: 4. Italian Botanist 4: 53–59. doi: 10.3897/italianbotanist.4.21782
How to contribute
Texts concerning new chromosome data should be submitted electronically to Lorenzo Peruzzi (lorenzo.peruzzi@unipi.it), including indications of voucher specimens and methods used.
Voucher specimen. ITALY. Toscana. Cerbaie (Pisa) (WGS84: 43.751228 N, 10.719234 E), 55 m, 7 May 2015, D. Dolci (PI n. 000455, 000456, 000457, 000458). Lazio. Torano (Rieti) (WGS84: 42.157098 N, 13.270760 E), 760 m, 30 April 2015, D. Dolci (PI n. 000453, 000454); Vallerotonda (Frosinone) (WGS84: 41.588942 N, 14.007237 E), 765 m, 3 May 2015, D. Dolci (PI n. 000459, 000460).
PolygalaflavescensDC.subsp.flavescens, 2n = 22 from Cerbaie, Tuscany (a), Torano, Lazio (b), and Vallerotonda, Lazio (c). Scale bar: 10 μm.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/166926
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips taken from plants cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Pisa and obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in HCl 1N at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Polygalaflavescenssubsp.flavescens is an Italian endemic taxon, described from central Italy and currently recorded from Emilia Romagna to Basilicata (Conti et al. 2005, Del Guacchio 2010). These are the first chromosome counts for this species (Bedini et al. 2010 onwards), and they also represent the first records of 2n = 22 cytotypes in the genus Polygala L. (Rice et al. 2014).
Voucher specimen. ITALY. Toscana. Monte Argentario (Grosseto) (WGS84: 42.421952 N, 11.140779 E), 130 m, 6 May 2015, D. Dolci (PI n. 000466, 000467, 000468, 000469).
Polygalaflavescenssubsp.maremmana (Fiori) Arrigoni, 2n = 22. Scale bar: 10 μm.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/166927
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips taken from plants cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Pisa and obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in HCl 1N at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Polygalaflavescenssubsp.maremana is an Italian endemic, originally described as a form based on plants from Mt. Argentario (Peruzzi et al. 2015). Currently, it is recorded from the coasts of southern Tuscany, from San Vincenzo (Leghorn) to Capalbio (Grosseto) (Arrigoni 2014). Our chromosome count, performed on plants from the locus classicus, is the first for this subspecies (Bedini et al. 2010 onwards), and it agrees with the chromosome number reported above for P.flavescenssubsp.flavescens.
Polygalaflavescenssubsp.pisaurensis (Caldesi) Arcang., 2n = 22. Scale bar: 10 μm.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/166929
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips taken from plants cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Pisa and obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in HCl 1N at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Polygalaflavescenssubsp.pisaurensis is an Italian endemic, originally described as a species based on plants from Pesaro (Peruzzi et al. 2015). Currently, it is recorded for coastal hills of Emilia-Romagna and Marche (Arrigoni 2014). Our chromosome count, performed on plants from the locus classicus area, is the first for this subspecies (Bedini et al. 2010 onwards), and it agrees with the chromosome numbers reported above for P.flavescenssubsp.flavescens and P.flavescenssubsp.maremmana.
Voucher specimen. ITALY. Calabria. Aspromonte, Roccaforte del Greco (Reggio Calabria), near the Menta’s artificial basin (WGS84: 38.12427 N, 15.90080 E), metamorphic rock outcrops along the road, 1400 m, 21 August 2017, L. Peruzzi & K.F. Caparelli (seeds collected in the field and stored in the Germplasm Bank of Department of Biology, Pisa, under acc. n. PI-20170073).
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in 1N HCl at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Dianthusbrutiussubsp.brutius is endemic to Calabria (Peruzzi et al. 2014), occurring in the mountain part of the Aspromonte area, and it belongs to D.vulturius Guss. & Ten. group (Brullo et al. 2000). This is the first chromosome count for this species, and the number is consistent with the basic chromosome number (x = 15) typical for the genus Dianthus L. (Bedini et al. 2010 onwards; Rice et al. 2014).
Voucher specimen. ITALY. Calabria. Melito di Porto Salvo (Reggio Calabria), Pentidattilo (WGS84: 37.95946 N; 15.76115 E), conglomerate cliffs, 300 m, 21 August 2017, L. Peruzzi & K.F. Caparelli (seeds collected in the field and stored in the Germplasm Bank of Department of Biology, Pisa, under acc. n. PI-20170072).
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in 1N HCl at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Dianthusbrutiussubsp.pentadactyli is endemic to Calabria (Peruzzi et al. 2014), occurring in the lowest part of the Ionian slope of Aspromonte area (Brullo et al. 2000). This is the first chromosome count for this subspecies (Bedini et al. 2010 onwards), and it agrees with the chromosome number reported above for D.brutiussubsp.brutius.
Voucher specimen. ITALY. Calabria. Montebello Jonico (Reggio Calabria), along the road to Masella (WGS84: 37.97780 N, 15.75978 E), cliffs, 320 m a.s.l., 21 August 2017, L. Peruzzi & K.F. Caparelli (PI).
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in 1N HCl at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Dianthusvulturiussubsp.aspromontanus is endemic to Calabria (Peruzzi et al. 2014). It is distributed only in a small area of southern Aspromonte, growing as a chasmophyte (Brullo et al. 2000). This is the first chromosome count for this species, and it is consistent with chromosome numbers reported above for the related D.brutiussubsp.brutius and D.brutiussubsp.pentadactyli.
Voucher specimen. ITALY. Calabria. Melito di Porto Salvo (Reggio Calabria), Pentidattilo (WGS84: 37.95278 N, 15.76156 E), cliffs along the road, 255 m a.s.l., 21 August 2017, Lorenzo Peruzzi & K.F. Caparelli (seeds collected in the field and stored in the Germplasm Bank of Department of Biology, Pisa, under acc. n. PI-20170071).
Method. Squash preparations were made on root-tips obtained from germinating seeds collected in the field. Root-tips were pre-treated with 0.4% colchicine for 3 hours and then fixed in Carnoy fixative solution for 1 hour. After hydrolysis in 1N HCl at 60° C, the tips were stained in leuco-basic fuchsine.
Observations.Silenecalabra is endemic to Calabria (Peruzzi et al. 2014). According to Brullo et al. (1997), this species belongs to S.sect.Siphonomorpha Otth., and it shows a close morphological relationship mainly with taxa of the S.mollissima (L.) Pers. group. This is the first chromosome count reported for this species, and it agrees with that reported for the closely related S.oenotriae Brullo (Peruzzi et al. 2007), and with those reported for other taxa within S.sect.Siphonomorpha (Naciri et al. 2017, and literature cited therein).
R.B. Chiavegatto, M. D’Antraccoli, F. Roma-Marzio, L. Peruzzi
ReferencesArrigoniPV (2014) Revisione tassonomica e corologica del genere Polygala in Italia.46(2): 235–263.BediniGGarbariFPeruzziL (Eds) (2010 onwards) Chrobase.it - Chromosome numbers for the Italian flora. http://bot.biologia.unipi.it/chrobase/index.php [accessed 7 October 2017]BrulloBScelsiFSpampinatoG (1997) Silenecalabra (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from S. ltaly.5: 517–522.BrulloSScelsiFSpampinatoG (2000) New taxa belonging to Dianthusvulturius Guss. & Ten. group (Caryophyllaceae) from S Calabria (Italy).19: 303–317.ContiFAbbateGAlessandriniABlasiC (Eds) (2005) Palombi Editori, Roma, 428 pp.Del GuacchioE (2010) Appunti di floristica campana: novità e precisazioni.42(1): 35–46.NaciriYPasquierPELundbergMJeanmonodDOxelmanB (2017) A phylogenetic circumscription of Silenesect.Siphonomorpha (Caryophyllaceae) in the Mediterranean Basin.66(1): 91–108. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.5PeruzziLAquaroGGarganoD (2007) Contributo alla conoscenza della flora vascolare endemica di Calabria. 2. Sileneoenotriae Brullo (Caryophyllaceae).39(2): 383–388.PeruzziLContiFBartolucciF (2014) An inventory of vascular plants endemic to Italy.168(1): 1–75. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.168.1.1PeruzziLDominaGBartolucciFGalassoGPecceniniSRaimondoFMAlbanoAAlessandriniABanfiEBarberisGBernardoLBovioMBrulloSBrunduGBrunuACamardaICartaLContiFCroceAIamonicoDIberiteMIiritiGLongoDMarsiliSMedagliPPistarinoASalmeriCSantangeloAScassellatiESelviFSoldanoAStincaAVillaniMWagensommerRPPassalacquaNG (2015) An inventory of the names of vascular plants endemic to Italy, their loci classici and types.196(1): 1–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.196.1.1RiceAGlickLAbadiSEinhornMKopelmanNMSalman-MinkovAMayzelJChayOMayroseI (2014) The Chromosome Counts Database (CCDB) a community resource of plant chromosome numbers. http://ccdb.tau.ac.il/home/ [accessed 19 October 2017]